Bail way struotube



F K BAIN.

Patented Jan. 24,1888...

(No Model.) A A.2 sneets-sheenr'z.

- l F. K. HAIN.

RAILWAY STRUGTURE'.

Paten-ned Jan. 24j, 18-88.

A I. lil.'

. l. 4 l f N. PETERS. Phnvulhdgnnln Washington. C.

UNITED 4STATI-:s PATENT Orrrcnggf Y' cessed into the top of thetimbers flush with 25 GFS. 1

rvendl employ `hook-headed bolts, the hooked FRANK 1;. HAIN, onNEw YORK, 1N; Y-,

RAILWAY S'FI'RUCTU RE.V

sPBcIr-rcATIoN forming partei Letters Patent No. 376,951, dateaJanuary 24,1888:

Application filed October '1,' ES'H To @ZZ whom# may concern: K Y

Be it known that I, FRANK K. BAIN, of New York city, county and State ofl New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Railway Structures, of which the following vis a specification. p My invention applies more especially to elevated railways, trestles, or bridges, and relates to themanner of securing the cross-tiesand guard rails or timbers to the maimgirders of the structure,.the object of my improvement being to secure the tiesaud the guard-rails toy the girders in a manner which willA Aprevent play or looseness at the connections, red uce noise, and bind the parts together in a more' strong, safe, and durable manner. To this ends of which directly engage the flange of the girders, while the stems pass clear up .through the ties orguard-rails, or both, andare fastened by a uut and washer on the top of said `timbers. 'The boltspassing up through the guardrails are provided with cup-shaped washers-rethe 4topface thereof, andare furnished with nuts which are -inclosed within the cup-washers. The stem of the'bolts near kthe hooked head is squarewhile the upper part is round, and this square end",-beingdriven forcibly into a snug round hole bored in the timber to :receive thebolt, is locked in place, and is thus prevented from turning its hooked head out of its engaging position. f v My invention therefore consists, mainly, in the features above outlined, whereby impor tant advantages are secured, as hereinafter fully set forth, Y In the drawings anneXed,Figure l presents a cross-sectional detail of an elevated railwaytrack, showingthe main girder, cross-ties, rail, and guard-timbers fastenedtogether according to the old or existing system. Fig.r 2 gives a similar view of the same parts fastened accord,i ing to my improved system'. Fig. 3is a per-` spective view of the hook-headed bolt used in my system. Fig.4 is a plan of the parts shown, in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 shows an enlarged section, and Fig. 6- a plan View, ofthe novel formr of cupped washers used inthe n ew system; Fig. 7 shows that the hooked bolt may also be used for holding the main rails to the ties and gird-A Serial No.251,728. (No model.)

main rails. Now, in the old system shownin Fig. 1 it will be seen that the ties andthe Referring fo Figs. /1v and 2, a indicates Ithe rails; b, the cross-ties; c, the main girders, and d y l d `the guard rails or timbers on each side .of the guard-rails are fastened to the main girders by l the clipsf, which bear at'one end upon the edge of the girder-dange and at theother against the tie, andare securedV to thetie by the lag-screw s and bolt e. The "head of the lag-screw. s on the rightbears on the middleof theclip between its bearing\ends,and' thence screws directlyinto the wood of the tie, as shown.v The bolte ontheleft, however, ypasses down clear through the guard rail Aandthe f i cross-tie, and its threaded endl passes through the nut. g, which is screwed up against the clip to hold the several parts in connection with each other and the girder, as shown. The

Vthe outer abutting end ofthe clip and receives headed end of the bolt is recessed into thetop *i of the guard-timben/and of'coursebearsupon a washer at the bottom of the recess, as illustrated. l Y

[It will now be seen thatin the old system'the *nuts of the bolts andthe'heads ofthe lag-screws lare all on the underside ofthe vstructure,where they 4are very difficultv or inconvenient lto inspect-by the track-inspector, and-difficult vtoc reach and tighten if found loose, and,y as it is well known that the bolts and nuts upon a railroad structure require continued inspection and attention to insure safety, VVthisrlifficulty of element lof danger. Furthermore, 'it will'` be@ seen that the several jointsor points of contact u between the screw or bolts and the clips', ties, and girders, with the spring or leverage'of the clips, tends to allow a play or looseness at the connections, which is aggravatedfby the constant vibrations and stresses due tothepassage of trains, which therefore cause moreor lessV 1 95 j constant rattling between the clips and girders, which is both noisy and unsafe.' V'Besides this the constant jar and strains on the lag-screws,

together withk the rapid" oxidizing action ofV wood on iron, causes the threads to wear off by the effects of both therusting and "jar to such an extent as to allow-'the bolts' to occa- 4sionally fall entirely loose out of thejtie,'thus ICO endangering those who pass below andleavingl thestructure weakened,

35 access is therefore ,a great objectionand is an It may be seen,however,onreference to Fig. 2, that in my improved system I dispense entirely with the clips and lag-screws and I bring all the nuts or tightening ends of the fastening-bolts on the top of the track, where they may be in constant sight and easy reach for inspection and adjustment.

It will be noted that in dispensing with the clips and lag-screws I substitute a peculiar form of bolt, A, (shown best in Fig. 3,) having a laterally-hooked engaging-head, h, a square neck, t', above the head, and a round stem, lc, threaded in the usual way at the end. The rail a, as seen in Fig. 2, lies on the ties b, centrally or nearly centrally over the main girder c, as usual, while the iange of the girder on each side is firmly and directly engaged by the hooked heads of the bolts, the stems of which pass clear up through the tie and receive a nut and washer on the top, thereby securing the tie most tirrnly to the girder, as will be understood.

It will be seen that two lengths ofthe hooked bolts are used, the shorter one of which passes u up through the tie only and receives the nut of the washer, so that therefore there is no protuberance on the top surface ofthe guardrails to come in contact with any part of the moving trains.

An enlarged View of the washer is shown inV Figs. 5 and 6, and on reference to these views and to Figs. 2 and 3 it will be seen that the nuts ln, are sufficiently smaller than the cavity of the washer to admit a vertical socket wrench or key into the washer, whereby the nuts may be screwed up tightly when the bolts are rst putin place, or at any subsequent time, if they should require retightening. Besides the long hooked bolts passing through guard rail and tie and engaging the girder, as described, long plain bolts o of. the ordinary kind will also be used at intervals to hold the guard-rails and ties together, as seen on the right of Fig. 2; but the nutted ends of these bolts will be on the top side of theguardrails, and will be fitted with the recessed cupped washers m and nuts a in the same manat the base of the round holes, thus securely preventing the bolt from turning out of place, and serving to hold the hooked head iixed irnilyin its engagement with the flange of the girders, as shown in Fig. 2.

The cup-washers m are driven yinto the recesses in the rails d with a red-lead coating. and the nuts n are also screwed on with red lead, and afilm of red lead is also smeared between the face of the nut and washer, thus in suring water-tight joints, excluding rain, and preventing rain or wet from trickling down around the bolt, as will be readily comprehended from Fig. 2. The common Washers and nuts, Z n, (shown on the short hooked bolts on the right of Fig. 2,) will be put on with red lead 'in the same way.

In Fig. 7 I show the hooked bolt used for clamping the rail, tie, and girder together. In this case the hooked head of the bolt engages the flange of the girder c, as usual, while the threaded end passes through aclip, t, which engages the tread of the rail, and a nut, u, screwed on the end ofthe bolt and bearing on the clips, binds the parts firmly in position, as illustrated.

It may now be seen by comparing the old and' new systems shown in Figs. l and 2 that I materially reduce the number of 'parts used in the fastening or clamping devices,and thus render the fastening much simpler, more direct, and very much stronger, and this without increasing the cost, and at the same time bringing all the nuts or tightening lparts on the freely exposed and accessible top of the st ructure, which are most important advantages in railways and other similarstructures.

The cup-washers with the nuts inclosed therein are not of course confined to the hooked bolts, but may be used with the common bolts inv many situations, as will be readily appro ciated. Again, arecessed cup-washer may be used at the head end of the bolt o in Fig. 2, as well as at the nut end, or, in other words, the cup-washer may be used at either thehead or nut end of the bolt, or both, as will be readily understood.

On reference to Figs. 5 and 6 it will be seen ICO lIO

that the cup-washer is formedwith a raised base or boss, m', against which the nut will abut, while an annular channel, u, surrounds the boss in the bottom of the cup. This insures a better bearing for the nut and permits of the bearing-face being turned oi smoothly,

'at the top of the ties, substantially as shown and described.

316.951 y *n s* 2. In a railway or similar structure, the comnut n, screwing on bolt/Within thewasher, subbination, with the girders c, ties b, and gnardstantiallyas shown and described. rails d, of the bolts A, Ypassing through ties and guard-rail, with hooked headfh'engaging the ange beneath the tie,and a nut screwed on its 'threaded end at thetop of ther guard-rail, substantially as and for the'purpose set forth. l*

3. In arailway or similar structure, theccombination, with the girder c, ties b, and rail d,

of thebolt A, passing through rail and tie,with` lhookedhead h at the base engaging girder,

cup-washer m on top of bolt at top of railland,

with guard-timbers d, of the cup-washers'm, recessed into the top ofthe timbers ush,or

Vnearly so,with thegface thereof; and fastening- 20 l Y as and for the purposek bolts passing through thecwashers'into the timbers, substantially set forth. v I

FRANK K. BAIN-' itnessesul l n W. J. FRAUsIoLI, G.`M. BAILEY.

. 15 4. Ina railway structure,V the combination, f 

